South Koreavsthe Netherlands
韓国とオランダKRNL
Seen from South Korea: each line below describes the Netherlands relative to South Korea.
Culture Map: eight scales
Erin Meyer's eight scales, sorted by how far apart South Korea and the Netherlands sit, largest gap first.
Filled dot: South Korea, where you are looking fromHollow ring: the Netherlands
Where you will notice the difference5 scales
Evaluating
The Netherlands gives negative feedback more directly than South Korea (5 steps)
South Korea +2, the Netherlands −3, on a line from −3 (Direct negative feedback) to +3 (Indirect negative feedback).
Leading
The Netherlands keeps less distance between boss and team than South Korea (5 steps)
South Korea +2, the Netherlands −3, on a line from −3 (Egalitarian) to +3 (Hierarchical).
Communicating
The Netherlands spells things out more explicitly than South Korea (4 steps)
South Korea +2, the Netherlands −2, on a line from −3 (Low-context) to +3 (High-context).
Trusting
The Netherlands builds trust through reliable work more than South Korea (4 steps)
South Korea +2, the Netherlands −2, on a line from −3 (Task-based) to +3 (Relationship-based).
Disagreeing
The Netherlands is more willing to disagree openly than South Korea (4 steps)
South Korea +2, the Netherlands −2, on a line from −3 (Confrontational) to +3 (Avoids confrontation).
Not placed3 scales
These scales are left unmarked: either Meyer leaves a country off the scale or no source places it, and drawing it anyway would be guessing.
- PersuadingMeyer leaves South Korea off this scale and describes its reasoning as holistic
- Deciding, SchedulingNo source places South Korea on these scales
Hofstede: six dimensions
Scores from 0 to 100, sorted by the gap between South Korea and the Netherlands. They describe national averages, not either country's character.
Individualism
The Netherlands scores 42 points higher than South Korea (100 against 58)
South Korea 58, the Netherlands 100, on a line from 0 (Collectivist) to 100 (Individualist).
Indulgence
The Netherlands scores 39 points higher than South Korea (68 against 29)
South Korea 29, the Netherlands 68, on a line from 0 (Restrained) to 100 (Indulgent).
Uncertainty avoidance
The Netherlands scores 32 points lower than South Korea (53 against 85)
South Korea 85, the Netherlands 53, on a line from 0 (Tolerant of ambiguity) to 100 (Avoids ambiguity).
Motivation towards achievement and success
The Netherlands scores 25 points lower than South Korea (14 against 39)
South Korea 39, the Netherlands 14, on a line from 0 (Consensus-oriented) to 100 (Decisive).
Power distance
The Netherlands scores 22 points lower than South Korea (38 against 60)
South Korea 60, the Netherlands 38, on a line from 0 (Low power distance) to 100 (High power distance).
Long-term orientation
The Netherlands scores 19 points lower than South Korea (67 against 86)
South Korea 86, the Netherlands 67, on a line from 0 (Short-term) to 100 (Long-term).
What the sources say, theme by theme
Entries for South Korea and the Netherlands, side by side on wide screens. Each keeps its own confidence label and citations.
Design & quality
South Korea3 claims
A 2013 ZDNet Korea column argued that the ppalli-ppalli ("hurry, hurry") culture leads to poor knowledge sharing, architectures that do not scale and dependence on particular developers, and so ends up slowing software development.
Thin1 source2013Datedkr-design-1
A columnist who worked with Korean teams as an outside partner observed that developers make up about 80% of a team and testers are few. He adds that this is not necessarily a weakness in an agile setting.
Thin1 source2024kr-design-2
- 정철환 칼럼: 개발자와 테스터 (CIO Korea) (2024)
SPRi (2014) and a ZDNet Korea op-ed (2023) argue that multi-tier subcontracting persists in public-sector SI projects, locking smaller firms into low-value coding so that they never build planning and design skills.
Attested2 sources2023kr-design-3
Netherlands2 claims
Guido van Rossum created Python at CWI in Amsterdam. He names his frustration with ABC's lack of extensibility and the system administration needs of the Amoeba distributed OS group as motives. He started over the 1989 Christmas holidays and released 0.9.0 on 1991-02-20.
Well attested2 sources2009Datednl-design-1
According to Thomke (HBR, 2020), Booking.com runs more than 1,000 experiments at once and over 25,000 a year. Its internal rule is that anyone can test anything without management's permission.
Attested1 source2020nl-design-2
Failure & risk
South Korea3 claims
Introducing its 2021 developer conference SLASH21, Toss presented a culture that values fast execution over fear of failure.
Well attested1 source2021kr-failure-1
After a fire at the Pangyo data center caused a major outage in October 2022, Kakao presented its root cause analysis and prevention measures at if(kakao) dev 2022 that December. The measures include data center redundancy and triple redundancy for operations tooling.
Well attested2 sources2022kr-failure-2
Woowa Brothers, the company behind Baemin, lists "don't blame people" among its principles for KPT retrospectives. An SK Devocean presentation says the hardest step in a postmortem is not holding the person responsible to account.
Well attested2 sources2021kr-failure-3
Netherlands2 claims
ING moved to a Spotify-style structure of squads and tribes in 2015. In a McKinsey interview (2017), it described each tribe writing down its results and biggest learnings every quarter and celebrating both successes and failures.
Attested1 source2017nl-failure-1
According to Thomke (HBR, 2020), only about 10% of Booking.com's experiments produce positive results; the other 90% or so do not support the hypothesis. The company runs its experiments on that assumption.
Attested1 source2020nl-failure-2
Feedback & code review
South Korea2 claims
The "Pn rule", which marks each review comment from P1 (must fix) to P5 (minor opinion), started at Banksalad and has been adopted by Woowa Brothers, Daangn and others.
Attested2 sources2024kr-feedback-1
One Woowa Brothers team has a rule that reviewers leave a comment praising the author even when they have nothing to correct.
Well attested1 source2022kr-feedback-2
Netherlands2 claims
Erin Meyer cites the Netherlands as an example of giving negative feedback directly on her Evaluating scale, and of open disagreement on her Disagreeing scale. Her book says "the Dutch manager learns always to be honest and to give the message straight."
Attested1 sourcenl-feedback-1
Some expat guides link Dutch directness to polder-model consensus building, explaining that speaking your mind freely is a precondition for reaching agreement.
Thin1 sourcenl-feedback-2
Hierarchy & decisions
South Korea4 claims
On Meyer's Leading scale, South Korea is placed toward the hierarchical end. The evidence is a secondary excerpt from the book.
Attested1 sourcekr-hierarchy-1
A Substack essay argues that in chaebol such as Samsung, Hyundai and LG, decision rights are concentrated at the top to an unusual degree even by East Asian standards.
Thin1 source2025kr-hierarchy-2
Under Toss's DRI system, discussion is open regardless of rank, but one directly responsible individual makes the final call. Information is shared on a "100 inside, 0 outside" principle.
Well attested2 sources2022kr-hierarchy-3
Kakao has had staff call each other by English names since its founding in 2006, but its affiliate Kakao Games returned to the honorific "-nim" in 2024. News coverage also quotes industry voices saying many companies have flat forms of address but not a flat culture.
Attested2 sources2024kr-hierarchy-4
Netherlands3 claims
Meyer cites the Netherlands, along with Denmark and Sweden, as an example of an egalitarian culture on her Leading scale. A study guide to The Culture Map places it on the consensual side of the Deciding scale, alongside Sweden and Japan.
Attested2 sourcesnl-hierarchy-1
A study in Contemporary Management Research (2018) analyzed data from 808 managers using structural equation modeling. It found that polder values, reaching pragmatic agreement through consultation and debate, strongly shape the leadership styles Dutch managers prefer.
Well attested1 source2018nl-hierarchy-2
Woldendorp and Keman (2007) reviewed Dutch corporatism from 1965 to 2000 and argue that the polder model has been overrated. Bargaining between the social partners was tough, and the rate of central agreements was low.
Attested1 source2007Datednl-hierarchy-3
Communication & docs
South Korea2 claims
On Meyer's Communicating scale, South Korea sits with Japan and Indonesia at the most high-context end.
Thin1 sourcekr-communication-1
One practitioner argues that when agile is imposed from the top while executives and middle managers keep their old thinking, the only result is a heavier load on the teams.
Thin1 sourcekr-communication-2
Netherlands2 claims
On her Communicating scale, Meyer lists the Netherlands with the United States, Canada and Australia as examples of low-context (explicit) cultures.
Attested1 sourcenl-communication-1
The practical guide NL Compass says that Dutch workplaces take meeting agendas seriously and that fixing schedules in advance is the norm.
Thin1 source2026nl-communication-2
Work & careers
South Korea7 claims
OECD data put South Korea's annual working hours in 2023 at 1,872, about 200 hours above the OECD average.
Attested1 source2024kr-work-1
News reports say working conditions in the IT and game industries improved substantially after the 52-hour workweek cap took effect in 2018.
Attested1 source2023kr-work-2
In KOCCA's 2024 survey of game industry workers (n=1,510), 34.3% had experienced crunch and 69.9% were on an all-inclusive wage system, which bundles overtime into a fixed salary. At companies with fewer than 50 employees the share exceeded 90%.
Attested2 sources2025kr-work-3
Remote work policies vary by company. Naver kept Connected Work, which lets staff choose fully remote or three office days a week every six months, while Kakao effectively returned everyone to the office from 2024.
Attested2 sources2024kr-work-4
After the scramble for developers in 2021, the market reversed: in a 2024 Grepp survey, 34% of companies said they would hire fewer developers.
Attested1 source2024kr-work-5
In the 2021 Programmers developer survey, 63.1% of respondents worked at companies with 50 or fewer developers.
Well attested1 source2021kr-work-6
- 2021 프로그래머스 개발자 설문조사 (2021)
Reports say that in multi-tier SI subcontracting, freelance developers at the bottom of the chain are especially exposed to unpaid fees when a project is halted or an intermediary goes bankrupt.
Attested2 sources2019kr-work-7
Netherlands2 claims
Eurostat reports that actual weekly hours in the main job were 32.1 in 2024, the shortest in the EU (EU average 36.0). The main reason is the high share of part-time work; men in full-time work averaged 38.4 hours (2025).
Well attested2 sources2026nl-work-1
CBS reports that 52% of employed people worked from home at least sometimes in 2023. In the 2022 EU comparison, 12.7% worked from home most of the time, lower than in Finland (23.1%) or Ireland (25.3%).
Well attested1 source2024nl-work-2
Open source & community
South Korea4 claims
In GitHub Octoverse 2023, South Korea had more than 1.9 million developers, up 22% year on year.
Well attested1 source2023kr-oss-1
NIPA runs the Open Source Contribution Academy, which supports Korean developers in contributing to global open source projects. In 2024 it selected 282 participants from 931 applicants, and it held a launch ceremony again in 2026.
Well attested2 sources2026kr-oss-2
Open source projects from Korean companies include NAVER's APM tool Pinpoint (about 13.9k stars) and LINE's Armeria (about 5.1k stars).
Attested2 sourceskr-oss-3
In the EF EPI 2024, South Korea ranked 50th of 116 countries and regions, well ahead of Japan (92nd).
Attested1 source2024kr-oss-4
Netherlands2 claims
On 2018-07-12, Guido van Rossum stepped down as Python's BDFL in a python-committers post titled "Transfer of power." He named no successor and left it to the core developers to decide how the project would be governed.
Well attested1 source2018nl-oss-1
ING brought the Spotify model to a large bank, organizing about 350 squads into 13 tribes (McKinsey, 2017).
Attested1 source2017nl-oss-2