Indulgence
人生の楽しみ方
How freely people may act on their desires and enjoy life.
Indulgence: UA 14, CN 24, IN 26, KR 29, PL 29, DE 40, JP 42, FR 48, BR 59, NORD 65 (NO 55, FI 57, DK 70, SE 78), US 68, NL 68, UK 69.
No source: Israel
NORD is drawn as a span over its members: NO 55, FI 57, DK 70, SE 78.
Country averages. About 80% of variation in values is between people inside a country (Taras et al. 2016).
Source: The Culture Factor country comparison tool, current values (revised around 2023), retrieved 2026.
Positions as text
| Country or region | Score |
|---|---|
| Ukraine UA | 14 |
| China CN | 24 |
| India IN | 26 |
| South Korea KR | 29 |
| Poland PL | 29 |
| Germany DE | 40 |
| Japan JP | 42 |
| France FR | 48 |
| Brazil BR | 59 |
| The Nordics NORD | 65 (mean of NO 55, FI 57, DK 70, SE 78) |
| United States US | 68 |
| Netherlands NL | 68 |
| United Kingdom UK | 69 |
The two ends
- Left end Restrained
- Gratification of desires is curbed by strict social norms, and leisure matters less.
- Right end Indulgent
- People are relatively free to enjoy life and have fun, and leisure matters.
What it is built from
Added in 2010 from World Values Survey items analysed by Michael Minkov: how happy people say they are, how much control they feel over their own lives, and how important leisure is to them.
Six dimensions from Geert Hofstede's research, which began with an IBM employee survey in 1967 to 1973 and was extended by later replications. The scores are The Culture Factor's current values, revised around 2023, on a 0 to 100 line.
Limits: these are national averages. About 80% of variation in values lies between people inside a country, and applying a country score to an individual is the ecological fallacy. How to read these scales